Welcome to a journey through Ljubljana’s architectural gems! In this article, you’ll discover what are according to me the city’s most captivating buildings, each representing a different style—from the ornate curves of Art Nouveau to the grand details of Baroque and sleek lines of modern design. You’ll also encounter the innovative works of Jože Plečnik, Ljubljana’s iconic architect, as well as striking examples of Brutalist style that showcase the city’s architectural diversity.
Over years of exploring the city, I’ve captured these unique sights in photos, sharing the everyday beauty and hidden details that make Ljubljana’s architecture truly remarkable.
This beautiful, eclectic architecture is one of the reasons I decided to call Ljubljana home.
At the end of the article : You’ll find a link to an excellent website about Slovenian architecture, perfect for those eager to dive deeper into the country’s architectural wonders.
1. Triple Bridge (Tromostovje)
Architect: Jože Plečnik
Style: Modernist with classical influences
Designed by the legendary Slovenian architect Jože Plečnik, the Triple Bridge is a masterpiece that transforms a simple crossing into a civic space. Its three parallel bridges span the Ljubljanica River, uniting the historic and modern sides of the city. The stone balustrades and gentle slopes make it both functional and beautiful, especially captivating when lit up at night. Look from the side, this bridge is an imitation of the Rialto in Venice.
There was only one bridge connecting the two sides of the city, and it was far too narrow to accommodate the increasing flow of pedestrians, carriages, and vehicles. This bridge, known as the Španski Most (or “Spanish Bridge”), needed an expansion to fit Ljubljana’s growing population. To solve the issue, Plečnik added two pedestrian bridges flanking the original central bridge. This unique triple structure allowed for better movement while preserving the bridge’s historical core.
2. Ljubljana Castle
Era: 11th Century (with modern renovations)
Ljubljana Castle offers sweeping views of the city but you find the view on Ljubljana in the Neboticnik Skyscraper. Originally a medieval fortress, the castle has undergone various renovations, preserving elements like its stone walls and watchtowers. The castle today is a cultural hub with museums, art installations, and two restaurants (Gostilna na gradu and Strelec). The funicular ride up adds to the experience. (6€ return ticket) but its better to go there by foot (withe this Reber street)
3. National and University Library of Slovenia
Architect: Jože Plečnik
Style: Neo-Renaissance with local influences
One of Plečnik’s masterpieces, this library has a symbolic design journey: you will enter through dark corridors, representing ignorance, and ascend to a bright reading room symbolizing enlightenment. The red-brick facade and marble staircase create an atmosphere of reverence, enhanced by the grand wooden desks and abundant natural light inside.
Each window, with its thick stone framing and unique size, resembles the shape and form of a book lying open on a shelf, giving the impression that the library is literally “built out of books.”
National and university librairy Website
4. Cooperative Bank Building
Architect: Ivan Vurnik
Style: Art Nouveau
A vibrant landmark in Ljubljana’s cityscape, the Cooperative Bank Building(Vurnikova hisa) boasts geometric patterns and national folk motifs in red, blue, and green. Vurnik’s 1921 design is a testament to Slovenian pride, celebrating local artistry with decorative flourishes that make it a visually engaging spot in the city center.
Ivan Vurnik aimed to create a distinctive Slovenian architectural style, drawing inspiration from the Vienna Secession movement and incorporating elements of Slovenian folk art. The building’s façade features geometric patterns in red, white, and blue—the colors of the Slovenian tricolor—symbolizing national pride. These patterns were meticulously painted by Vurnik’s wife, Helena Kottler Vurnik, an accomplished artist who collaborated closely with him on this project.
5. Church of St. Michael (Plečnik’s Church)
Architect: Jože Plečnik
Style: Rustic-modern fusion
In the village of Črna Vas just outside Ljubljana, this church represents Plečnik’s approach to using local materials like stone and wood. Its modest, rustic design creates a sacred ambiance, with simple wooden interiors and a compact altar that invite quiet reflection. Unfortunately, you can only visit it during the mass.
- Its minimalist interior encourages quiet contemplation, reflecting Plečnik’s spiritual approach to architecture.
- The compact design includes unique features like the wooden bell tower, which blends with its natural surroundings.
6. Congress Square (Kongresni trg)
Era: 19th Century (modern enhancements)
Congress Square hosts many of Ljubljana’s cultural events (I love Junij v Ljubljani). Highlights include the University of Ljubljana and the Ursuline Church of the Holy Trinity. This square embodies Ljubljana’s commitment to blending history with modern urban life, drawing locals and visitors for concerts, festivals, and daily strolls. On the square, Platana is one of the best terrace of Ljubljana.
7. Butcher’s Bridge (Mesarski most)
Architect: Jurij Kobe
Style: Modern
Known for its “Love Locks,” this bridge combines sleek glass panels with bronze sculptures, adding a contemporary touch to the city’s skyline. Opened in 2010, Butcher’s Bridge offers a contrast to Ljubljana’s historic riverbanks. This is the bridge that leads to the central market. I take it very often.
8. Central Market (Osrednja tržnica)
Architect: Jože Plečnik
Style: Neo-Renaissance with modern touches
Designed by Plečnik, this colonnaded market along the Ljubljanica River is both functional and aesthetic. The arches create a charming setting for local vendors selling fresh produce, meats, and handmade goods. Go there to have your morning coffee.
The Plečnik Market is characterized by its long, elegant colonnade that follows the curve of the Ljubljanica River, creating a harmonious flow between the market and the waterfront. Plečnik incorporated classical architectural elements into the market’s design, with robust columns, arched windows, and decorative details that give it a timeless, almost monumental feel despite its practical function as a public market.
9. Slovenian Philharmonic Building
Architect: Johann Balthasar Neumann
Style: Baroque
A historical venue for classical music, the Slovenian Philharmonic showcases Baroque elegance with its grand concert hall and finely detailed facade. The building has hosted numerous renowned composers and remains a cherished site for music lovers and architecture enthusiasts alike (program here).
10. Dragon Bridge (Zmajski most)
Architect: Jurij Zaninović
Style: Art Nouveau
Guarded by four dragon statues, Dragon Bridge is an Art Nouveau marvel that has become a city symbol. Constructed in the early 20th century, the dragons represent strength and resilience, making it one of Ljubljana’s most photographed landmarks. You can take some great pictures for your Instagram. The Dragon Bridge in Ljubljana is renowned for its imposing dragon statues, which guard each corner of the bridge, showcasing Art Nouveau influences with their intricate detailing and symbolic connection to the city’s mythology.
Designed by architect Jurij Zaninović in the early 20th century, the bridge features reinforced concrete construction—a groundbreaking technique at the time—highlighting its status as one of Europe’s earliest bridges to use this innovative material.
11. The Cathedral of St. Nicholas
Era: Baroque
Ljubljana Cathedral, formally known as the Cathedral of St. Nicholas, is a striking Baroque masterpiece. The cathedral dates back to the 18th century and reflects the grandeur and artistry of Italian Baroque influence. Designed by architect Andrea Pozzo, the building’s exterior features a distinctive green dome and twin towers, which make it instantly recognizable against Ljubljana’s skyline. Inside, the cathedral is adorned with magnificent frescoes by Giulio Quaglio, an Italian Baroque painter whose works here depict scenes from the life of St. Nicholas, patron saint of the church. The high altar, with its intricate gilded carvings, is a focal point, surrounded by a sense of drama and opulence typical of the Baroque style.
Perhaps one of the most fascinating details is the bronze front door, a 20th-century addition created by sculptor Mirsad Begić to commemorate Pope John Paul II’s visit to Ljubljana in 1996. The door is embossed with scenes from Slovenia’s Christian history, adding a contemporary layer to the cathedral’s historical narrative.
12. Franciscan Church of the Annunciation
Architect: Francesco Robba
Style: Baroque
This iconic red church at Prešeren Square has a striking Baroque facade, complemented by grand frescoes and sculptures inside. It’s a centerpiece of Ljubljana’s cityscape, offering a peaceful retreat in the bustling square. Try to enter in it.
Built in the mid-17th century, the church’s façade is framed by twin towers and a central gable adorned with rich stucco detailing, embodying the grandeur and decorative elegance characteristic of Baroque ecclesiastical design.
13. Ljubljana City Hall
Architect: Gregor Maček
Style: Baroque with later renovations
Ljubljana’s City Hall is a mix of Baroque grandeur and modern renovations. You can admire the ornate architecture from the outside and view exhibitions in the inner courtyard. You can enter, it’s free !
14. Križanke Outdoor Theatre
Architect: Jože Plečnik
Style: Modernist adaptation
Originally a monastery, this site was transformed by Plečnik into an outdoor theater. Today, it’s a cultural venue for concerts and performances, showcasing Plečnik’s skill in adapting historical sites for modern uses.
- The theater’s design integrates Gothic and Baroque features, creating a visually captivating space for concerts and performances.
- Plečnik’s modifications add functionality, turning the venue into a cultural centerpiece that blends old and new.
15. Nebotičnik (Skyscraper)
Architect: Vladimir Šubic
Style: Art Deco
Ljubljana’s first skyscraper, Nebotičnik, was completed in 1933 and offers breathtaking views from its rooftop café. Its Art Deco design stands out in the cityscape, symbolizing progress and innovation in early 20th-century Slovenia. Go there for a sunset aperol spritz.
16. Ursuline Church of the Holy Trinity
Architect: Carlo Martinuzzi
Style: Baroque
With its striking columned facade and beautiful interior, this 18th-century church is one of Ljubljana’s most impressive Baroque structures. Its high altar is particularly ornate, featuring exquisite sculptures and gilded details.
17. Illyrian Monument
Style: Neoclassical
This small yet symbolic monument honors the Illyrian Provinces period in Slovenian history (1809–1813) under Napoleon’s rule. Located in Congress Square, it’s a notable piece of Ljubljana’s heritage and reflects Neoclassical elegance with simple, dignified lines.
18. Modern Gallery (Moderna Galerija)
Architect: Edvard Ravnikar
Style: Modernist
Opened in 1948, the Modern Gallery is a significant work of Slovenian Modernist architecture, featuring clean lines and functional design. It houses a collection of 20th-century Slovenian art, making it a cultural and architectural landmark. Go there the first Sunday of the month, it’s free. (Website). Go to the Moderna cafe too.
19. Metelkova Art Center
Style: Urban industrial/artistic reuse
Metelkova is a vibrant, artist-driven cultural hub with graffiti-covered buildings, sculptures, and installations. Once a military barracks, it’s now a unique mix of underground art and architecture, symbolizing Ljubljana’s free-spirited, creative culture.
20. Tabor
Architect: Franjo Tominšek
Style: functionalist style
The Sokolski dom Tabor in Ljubljana, built in 1926, is a historic building dedicated to the Sokol movement—a gymnastic and patriotic organization originating from the Czech lands. This center aimed to promote physical health and national unity at a time when Slovenia was part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. Designed by architect Franjo Tominšek, the building reflects the functionalist style of the interwar period, featuring a modest façade and geometric lines.
Constructed with reinforced concrete, it houses a large gymnasium, meeting spaces, and training rooms. For nearly a century, it has served as a community gathering place and a hub for sports activities.
24. Cobbler’s bridge
Architect: Plecnik
Cobbler’s Bridge, or “Čevljarski Most,” is a masterful creation by the iconic architect Jože Plečnik. Spanning the Ljubljanica River, this elegant pedestrian bridge is a true testament to Plečnik’s vision, with its signature slender columns and graceful stone lanterns that give the bridge a distinctively Venetian feel. Historically, the bridge was a gathering place for cobblers and artisans, lending it the name that endures today.
25. Švicarija Creative Center
Architect: Alois Spindler
Style: Rustic Swiss chalet style
Originally built as a guesthouse in Tivoli Park, Švicarija now serves as a creative center for artists. Its wooden facade and picturesque location make it a serene spot, blending natural surroundings with the spirit of artistic expression.
26. Old Power Station (Stara elektrarna)
Architect: Unknown
Style: Industrial
This former power station has been transformed into an industrial-chic performance venue, offering a unique backdrop for modern theater and dance performances. The building’s exposed brickwork and tall windows give it an authentic, gritty charm.
- Exposed brickwork, tall windows, and an open interior create a gritty yet artistic space for performances.
- It serves as a unique example of industrial reuse in Ljubljana’s architectural scene.
27. Cankar Hall (Cankarjev dom)
Architect: Edvard Ravnikar
Style: Brutalist
Named after Slovenian writer Ivan Cankar, this imposing Brutalist building houses theaters, concert halls, and exhibition spaces. Its concrete facade and angular lines may be divisive, but it’s a significant example of Ljubljana’s 20th-century architecture.
28. Tivoli Mansion (Tivolski grad)
Architect: Leopold Karlovšek (original)
Style: Renaissance with later Baroque modifications
Located in Tivoli Park, this mansion was once a summer residence for nobility. Its Renaissance design was later enhanced with Baroque details, and today it’s home to the International Center of Graphic Arts.
29. the Fountain of Three Carniolan Rivers
Architect: Francesco Robba
Style: Baroque
The Robba Fountain, also known as the Fountain of Three Carniolan Rivers, is one of Ljubljana’s most iconic baroque monuments. Created by the Italian-born sculptor Francesco Robba in 1751, this fountain is a tribute to the three rivers of Carniola. These rivers—the Ljubljanica, Sava, and Krka—are represented symbolically by three robust figures, often referred to as “titans” or “river gods.”
The design of the Robba Fountain is inspired by the famous Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi (Fountain of the Four Rivers) by Gian Lorenzo Bernini in Rome. Robba’s interpretation is marked by its dramatic baroque flair, with flowing lines, dynamic figures, and a sense of movement that brings the fountain to life. The three “titans” hold up an obelisk, symbolizing strength and stability, while water flows around them, symbolizing the vitality of Ljubljana and the Carniolan region.
30. Plečnik’s House (Plečnikova hiša)
Architect: Jože Plečnik
Style: Vernacular
Once the home and studio of Jože Plečnik, this modest house in the Trnovo district offers insight into the life and work of Slovenia’s most renowned architect. The residence remains as he left it, preserving the charm and simplicity of his unique architectural vision.
31. Town Savings Bank (Ljubljanska Mestna Hranilnica)
Architect: Josip Vancaš
Style: Secessionist
This early 20th-century building boasts a Secessionist facade with elegant lines and decorative elements. It stands as a testament to the prosperity and urban growth of Ljubljana during that period.
32. Ljubljana Railway Station
Architect: Vladimir Šubic
Style: Modernist with classical elements
The railway station blends functional Modernist design with classical touches, making it both practical and pleasing to the eye.
35. Celica Hostel
Style: Repurposed military prison
Located in the Metelkova Art Center, Celica Hostel is a former military prison transformed into a unique accommodation with artistically decorated rooms.
36. Plečnik’s Žale Cemetery
Architect: Jože Plečnik
Style: Modernist cemetery complex
Žale Cemetery is one of Plečnik’s most famous projects, organized with clear lines and symbolic structures. The pavilions, chapels, and minimalist layout create a serene and spiritual space.
37. The R5 building (triangle building Ljubljana)
Style: Modern
The R5 Building is a prime example of contemporary architecture in the heart of Ljubljana. This modern structure is characterized by clean lines, expansive glass facades, and innovative design. Unlike the historic buildings that surround it, R5 stands out for its sleek, minimalist aesthetic. Designed with functionality in mind, the building houses a mix of offices and retail spaces.
39. Centromerkur
Architect: Friedrich Sigismundt
Style: Art nouveau
The Centromerkur building, now known as Galerija Emporium, stands as a stunning example of Art Nouveau architecture in Ljubljana’s central Square. Commissioned by the merchant Feliks Urbanc and completed in 1903 by architect Friedrich Sigismundt, it was originally Ljubljana’s first major department store. The building’s façade is adorned with a distinctive semicircular glass and wrought-iron canopy, designed in a fan-like pattern, and crowned with a statue of Mercury, symbolizing commerce. Inside, the charm continues with a grand wooden staircase supported by columns and a statue symbolizing craftsmanship, while the interior decor draws inspiration from Belgian and French Art Nouveau, setting it apart from other local structures influenced by the Viennese Secession.
40. The Ljubljana mosque
Architect: Matej Blenkuš
Style: Modern
The Ljubljana Mosque, officially named the Islamic Cultural Center of Ljubljana, is a modern architectural landmark and the first mosque in Slovenia. Opened in 2020 after decades of planning, it stands as a symbol of cultural diversity and tolerance in the heart of the Balkans. Designed by Slovenian architect Matej Blenkuš, the mosque combines clean, minimalist lines with traditional Islamic elements, such as its elegant minaret, which rises 40 meters above the complex. The structure features a bright, open prayer hall with subtle geometric patterns and ample natural light filtering through skylights. The complex also houses a cultural center, library, and classrooms.
41. Tivoli Park Glasshouse (Steklenjak)
Style: Classic greenhouse style
Located in Tivoli Park, this historic greenhouse provides a peaceful space for nature lovers and is home to a variety of plants. Its glass and iron structure adds an elegant touch to the park’s landscape.